Antibodies

• Primary Antibodies – monoclonal/polyclonal reagents targeting specific proteins.

• Secondary Antibodies – matched to the host/isotype of your primary, supplied with various detection labels.

• Antibody Types:

  • Monoclonal (mAb) – high specificity and excellent lot-to-lot consistency.

  • Polyclonal (pAb) – high sensitivity and multi-epitope recognition.

  • Recombinant / Recombinant mAb – superior batch consistency and long-term reliability.

• Conjugations: HRP/AP for chemiluminescent/colorimetric detection; fluorophores (Alexa/CF/PE/FITC) for imaging and flow; Biotin for streptavidin systems.

• Hosts/Isotypes – mouse, rabbit, goat, etc. (IgG/IgM/IgA), selected to fit your assay.

• Applications & Validation – WB, IHC/IF, ELISA, FC with datasheets, recommended dilutions, and proper controls.

All antibodies are quality-controlled, stored under optimal conditions, and backed by expert technical support for confident, reproducible results.

What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies recognize a single epitope, providing high specificity and consistent results. Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, offering greater sensitivity.

What is the difference between primary and secondary antibodies?
A primary antibody binds directly to the target protein. A secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody and carries a label (chemiluminescent, fluorescent, etc.) for detection or signal amplification.

How do I choose the right secondary antibody?
Match the host species (e.g., anti-rabbit, anti-mouse) and isotype (IgG, IgM) of the primary antibody, then select a conjugation depending on your detection method (HRP, fluorescent, Biotin).

Which conjugation should I use—HRP or fluorescent?
HRP conjugates are ideal for chemiluminescent or colorimetric detection (e.g., Western Blot, ELISA), while fluorescent conjugates are better for imaging and flow cytometry, including multiplex analysis.

How should antibodies be stored for long-term use?
Short-term at 4°C; long-term at −20°C or −80°C depending on manufacturer’s instructions. Aliquoting is recommended to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.

What are the common dilution ranges for antibodies?
Typical ranges (may vary by antibody/application):

• Primary antibody: 1:500–1:2000 (WB), 1:50–1:200 (IHC/IF).

• Secondary antibody: 1:2000–1:20,000.
  Always follow datasheet recommendations and titrate for best results.